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Assessment for Beginning Word Reading
Multiple Choice
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1.
A balanced literacy program that is appropriate for all children can be achieved by using most basal reading programs.
A.
True
(
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)
B.
False
Correct
2.
There are 5 sounds in the word ´block´.
A.
True
(
*
)
B.
False
Correct
3.
Fricatives are sounds produced with a narrow constriction of air.
(
*
)
A.
True
Correct! By definition, fricatives are sounds made by forcing air through a small opening such as that formed between the top teeth and the tongue or lip.
B.
False
4.
There is a 1:1 correspondence between the number of phonemes and the letters representing those phonemes.
A.
True
(
*
)
B.
False
Correct! There are 39-45 phonemes and over 250 different graphemes or letters that can represent them. For example, the single phoneme |s| can be represented with the letters ´s´ ´c´ ´ss´. Some phonemes do have only one spelling, but others have multiple spellings.
5.
The beginning phase of reading development is called the logographic phase.
(
*
)
A.
True
Correct! According to Ehri, the logographic phase is the first in reading development. This is the stage where children ´read´ by recognizing logos or signs, not the actual letters or words.
B.
False
6.
In general, consonant phonemes are more difficult to teach than vowel phonemes.
A.
True
(
*
)
B.
False
Correct! Vowels are more difficult to teach because, compared to consonants, it is not easy for students to see how they are produced. Vowel phonemes are difficult because there are few contrasting features to distinguish one from another and they are produced with only slight movements of the tongue and relatively minor changes in the shapes of the lips.
7.
Emergent literacy is promoted by all of the following except which one?
A.
many opportunities for a child to hear stories read aloud
B.
interactive book discussions, which include open-ended questions
C.
oral language exercises comparing sounds in words
(
*
)
D.
wide choice of books at the child´s independent reading level
Correct! Emergent literacy is the earliest stage and generally lasts until an individual begins to use letter-sound associations to sound out words. Answers a, b, and c would promote emergent literacy. Answer d, however, would apply only to individuals already able to read. An individual reading at his independent level would accurately read about 99 words out of every 100.
8.
Phonemic awareness includes which of the following?
(
*
)
A.
being able to notice sounds in words
Correct! Phonemic awareness is a purely auditory skill. That means that phonemic awareness activities deal only with sounds, not with letters or written words.
B.
understanding that there are different ways to spell sounds in words
C.
understanding the rules of English grammar
D.
being aware of the letters used to represent sounds in words
9.
Which statement is correct?
A.
Phonological awareness helps readers memorize how every word is spelled.
(
*
)
B.
Phonological awareness gives students a way to approach sounding out unknown words based on the alphabetic principle.
Correct! Phonological awareness does not teach memorization of spellings, as in answer a. Phonological awareness should begin as early as possible for a child and should continue throughout the early primary grades. Phonological awareness requires explicit instruction. With strong phonological awareness, a student has a way to approach sounding out unknown words based on their knowledge of the alphabetic principle.
C.
Phonological awareness activities should begin in first grade.
D.
Phonological awareness does not require explicit instruction since children acquire these skills in their natural course of development.
10.
Which of the following words would be considered the most phonologically difficult?
A.
a word that begins with a continuous sound
B.
a word with voiced sounds
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*
)
C.
a word with five sounds
Correct! The other three answers, a, b, d, are all dimensions that lie on the easier side of the continuum of phonological difficulty.
D.
a word with large sound units
11.
Which word structure, as demonstrated in these example words, is the most difficult to decode?
A.
round
B.
block
(
*
)
C.
stink
Correct! The word ´stink´ has 5 phonemes and two consonant blends, which makes this word the most difficult to decode. The words ´round´ and ´block´ and ´box´ all have 4 phonemes. While all of these words are difficult, ´stink´ is most difficult.
D.
box
12.
Which of the following does not accurately describe the use of group responses during instruction?
A.
correct responses should be short and the same
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*
)
B.
1/3 of the responses should be group responses
Correct! Two-thirds, not one-third, of the responses should be group responses. All of the other answers accurately describe the use of group responses. In addition, teachers should practice asking questions and signaling students to respond.
C.
students should be allowed adequate thinking time
D.
students should be monitored to assess which need additional instruction
13.
Which the following four is NOT a reason for assessing students´ phonological awareness?
(
*
)
A.
to give students practice with sounding out unknown words
Correct! Answer a is incorrect although phonological activities would give students practice with an approach to sounding out unknown words.
B.
to establish a baseline of what students already know
C.
to determine which students may be at risk for a reading disability
D.
to monitor students´ progress
14.
Which of the following involves blending separate sound units together to make whole words?
(
*
)
A.
sound synthesis
Correct! Synthesis means to put together, to make one whole from parts. When two units like ´house´ and ´boat´ are synthesized, it becomes one word ´houseboat´.
B.
sound segmenting
C.
sound analysis
D.
sound comparison
15.
What do we call the types of spelling where the speller tries to write letters to correspond to the sounds in words?
A.
standard spelling
B.
analytic spelling
C.
sound spelling
(
*
)
D.
invented spelling
Correct! By definition, invented spellings are children´s early attempts at spelling that usually reflect some knowledge about the sounds in words.
Beginning Word Reading
